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INVESTIGATOR: Ogutu, R. A.; Clendaniel, J.; Wetherill, A.; Moor-Orth, M.; Darden, T.

PERFORMING INSTITUTION:
DELAWARE STATE UNIVERSITY
1200 NORTH DUPONT HIGHWAY
DOVER, DELAWARE 19901

INCREASING HORTICULTURE BASED OUTREACH AND EXTENSION PROGRAM ACTIVITIES BY DELAWARE COOPERATIVE EXTENSION.

NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY: The project aims at strengthening horticultural extension activities to effectively reach out to Delaware small farm clientele. It will address critical horticulture crops growers' needs amidst the following trends; growing interest in locally produced fresh, healthy and safe foods, greater sensitivity to environmental impacts of agriculture, more direct marketing of produce, season extension through protected horticultural structures, and a surge in use of electronic and social media. Horticulture production in Delaware is growing with consumers continued strong interest in locally produced food systems, human nutrition, probiotics and functional foods, food preservation, value added food products, herbals and bio controls. A general trend of environmental/sustainability as a measure of produce acceptance, has led to tendency towards widespread adoption of practices for sustainable specialty crop production and move towards organic production as a niche market. The result is a growth of opportunities for producers of fruits, vegetables, herbs and ornamentals to enhance their profitability and extend growth seasons capacity. This has given rise to particular interest to the ever increasing farm horticulture technologies, including high tunnel production, interest in transitioning to organic farming, and increased resurgence of backyard vegetable gardens, dooryard fruit trees, community gardens and green urbanism (orchards, atriums, window boxes, green walls and green roofs). More Delawareans now live in metropolitan areas that are severely lacking in green space, hence the increase in tightly planned and controlled developments featuring minimal gardens and yards. Through USDA, more Delaware farmers continue to acquire high tunnels and need a forum that expose them to the possibilities and opportunities that the high tunnel can offer. Delaware is a destination of numerous visitors and hence a market for fresh vegetable needed by the hotel industry. A number of vegetable growers are tapping into the opportunity. There is need by extension educators; to help growers stimulate the hospitality economy by encouraging a culture of organic locally sourced fresh ingredients at restaurants and homes; and to learn more about and embrace these technologies and add them into the toolbox of outreach methods. Outputs/impacts include: A model of organic production and season extension technologies will be established at Smyrna Ooutreach and Resaerch Center and will serve as a forum for educational programs for workshops, meetings, demonstrations, field trips, open house and field visits. Participants will learn social media communication techniques and improve their networking skills. We will maintain a list serve and other favorable social communication sites for participants for continued communication during and beyond the project period. Scientific publications, fact sheets and popular publications attaining to the project activities will be in circulation. We will have a more flourishing horticulture production with abundant fresh, locally produced vegetables and fruits.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives are as follows; To improve the effectiveness of Smyrna Outreach and Research Centre as a year round educational facility; To develop extension-wide connections or networks with community organizations to help promote opportunities for our clientele participation in sustainable production programs; To improve extension educational programs at DSU by developing more effective communication among extension professionals, clientele and consumers through enhanced training on organized electronic and social media channels; and to deliver a series of workshops and trainings on targeted topics that will improve sustainable production, and utilize emerging horticulture technologies. The anticipated outcomes are; an enhanced facility for extension and increased workshop participants in activities organized at Smyrna farm. A minimum of 40 Extension professionals and public educators will integrate learned social media techniques into their communication with clientele and encourage interactions among clientele. Adoption of learned tactics in horticulture technologies addressing recent trends will result in 75% reduction in insecticide usage and up to $40 per acre profit increase among growers. Through enhanced extension communication via social media, participants and more farmers will be acquainted with activities associated with organic transitioning, sustainable production and season extension technologies. Extension professionals will become more conversant with use of electronic social media, 2) Extension professionals and workshop participants to become more knowledgeable about sustainable production systems as they relate to local production, 3) more farmers will transition to more sustainable production options, 4) some of our management tactics to be readily amendable to conventional and organic specialty crops growers current practices. We expect the horticulture crops community to become more knowledgeable with regards to choice of varieties, cover cropping, flail mowing, and no-till planting as tactics for multiple pest suppression. We expect growers to adopt a creditable EPM program that is based on trustworthy information. We anticipate more stakeholders will transition from using broad spectrum to softer chemicals and relying more on cultural and biological control tactics. We anticipate production costs associated with growing horticulture crops to reduce sizably as a result of our efforts and economic stability growers from. Finally, we expect our project and associated adoption of our recommendations will in time increase the economic stability of the small growers within the horticulture industry.

APPROACH: Activities will include; increasing area under protected production technologies at Smyrna outreach research center (SORC) by adding 2 of'96 X 30' plots of land under high tunnel production. In tandem, we will commence organic transitioning process of 6 acre of land at SORC and build educational programs and activities for staff and growers around the process. Educational programs will focus on updated knowledge about horticulture technologies related to protected structures production for season extension. Sound methods and use of social media in extension communication will be delivered during highly interactive workshop sessions. As the project continues, we will be improving our extension web resources and it will be required that the participants do so too. Workshop participants will be requested to fill out questionnaires focusing on the impacts of the outreach facilities on the level of the participant's satisfaction on the workshop's wholesomeness. We will determine the number of extension educators who incorporate the use of the facility and of social media channels in their educational programs. To help evaluate the project's impact and determine whether our expectations are met, detailed records will be kept on the number of attendees at workshops, field day events, local organic conferences, etc. Initial surveys and interviews will be administered to growers and other stakeholders at various workshops and conferences held in the early course of the project duration and will be used to define knowledge base and current methods horticulture production. Baseline and follow up surveys at outreach events will allow us to estimate the number of stakeholders increasing their knowledge base of sustainable production systems, integrating learned tactics into their operations, reducing their input expenditure and experiencing greater profits, or not benefitting from our program. Follow up surveys will be administered yearly thereafter including one year after project termination. Follow up surveys will allow us to estimate the number of stakeholders changing their production practices, increasing their knowledge base (awareness), integrating learned tactics into their operations (adoption), and experiencing greater profits as a result of the project (productivity). This will allow us to monitor our progression and impact over time. To help maximize knowledge gain, surveys at outreach events will be mainly administered through the use of clickers, which will allow immediate feedback from stakeholders at each event and enhance their learning experience. Data gathered with clickers will provide formative assessment of audiences' level in real time and allow program deliverers to improve their instruction to better target the educational programs to specific needs. We will use performance measure methods and transition indices (based on a scale of 0-5 and defined accordingly) through extension professionals and stakeholders' surveys to evaluate the project performance. Abbreviated questionnaires will also be used.

PROGRESS: 2012/09 TO 2017/08
Target Audience:-Small Farms clientele -High Tunnel growers in Delmarva region -Organic vegetable producers -Youth audiences -Master Gardeners Changes/Problems:There were no major changes in approach. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?-Training on use of social media and clickers during extension surveys by Ag service providers has led to increased use of electronic media in extension as evidenced within Delaware Cooperative Extension programming activities. -Opportunities to collaborate with NRCS, and other farm related agencys in Delarware. -Opportunities to work with and train upto seven undergraduate students in the field of Horticulture, Four of these students are actively involved in Ag. is a future career. -Opprtunities have arisen for more succeful grants and collaborations as a result of further quests. The following are some f them; As Co PI for Delaware State University -2013, 2014 and 2015- Delaware Extension IPM implementation grant titled 'Use of Biologicals in High Tunnels' -USDA-NIFA- $ 66,327 (sub contract amount) As Co PI for Delaware State University -2017, 2018 and 2020- Delaware Extension IPM implementation grant titled 'IPM implementation for specialty crops- USDA-NIFA- $ 53,799 (sub contract amount) As Co PI for Delaware State University -2016, 2017 and 2018- Improving Soil Health and Food Safety for Organic crops- USDA-NIFA-CBG- $ 77,551 (sub contract amount) As Co PI for Delaware State University -2014 to 2017- Using Habitat Manipulation to Help Farmers Manage Multiple Pest Complexes in Eggplant, Snap bean and other Vegetable Crops USDA-NIFA-ARDP-$16,972 (sub contract amount) How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?-A list serve of dependable growers has emanated as a result of ensuing activities. Emails play a major role in communcating with clientele. -Profiting From A Few Acres Conference is an annual small farms conference organized by Delaware State University- Sessions related to small scale horticulture production and high tunnel l sessions have been incorperated every year. -Delaware Ag Week Conference is a yearly conference that is well attended by growers from the Delmarve region. -Delaware State Univesity (DSU) website -Weekly Crop Updates (WCU) newsletter - Questions/Answers on eXtenstion forum. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

IMPACT: 2012/09 TO 2017/08
What was accomplished under these goals? The Delaware State University -Smyrna Outreach and Research Center (DSU-SORC) as an educational facility has been enhanced. A show case of 4 (30X48 ft.) high tunnels have helped interested growers learn about and choose design styles as they adopt the practice of production in high tunnels. During the project period, a total of nine workshops related to high tunnel production were held on site with experts enlightening growers and servce providers on as pects of small farm production. Number of attenddes per workshops at SORC ranged from 43 to 50. The organic transitioning of the 10 acre plot at DSU-SORC into organic production is ongoing.

PUBLICATIONS (not previously reported): 2012/09 TO 2017/08
1. Type: Websites Status: Submitted Year Published: 2017 Citation: https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2017/meetingapp.cgi/Session/8322 Use of Biologicals As an Integrated Pest Management Strategy in High Tunnels Rose Ogutu, Delaware State University, Dover, DE
2. Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: The high tunnels formed a great learning tool for virtual tours created as part of the North- East Climate Hub-change. https://roundme.com/tour/63798/view/202153/
3. Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: https://www.facebook.com/DSUSmallFarms/photos/rpp.288216137857287/1737633309582 222/?type=3&theater
4. Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Presentations in meetings, conferences and workshops. Throughout the project period, several presentations were made during; The yearly Delaware Ag week (480 attendance). The yearly Delaware University Small Farms Profiting from A Few Acres Conference (370 attendance).; and Delaware Small Farms High Tunnel Workshops (410). Ogutu Rose. High Tunnel Updates.2014, 2015 and 2016 High Tunnel Workshop, Smyrna, DE Ogutu Rose. High Tunnel Production in Delaware. 2017 DE Ag Week. Harrington, DE. Steve Bogash. Managing Nutrients in High Tunnel Peppers Tomatoes and Cucumbers: Maximize Production and Quality. 2017 DE Ag Week. Harrington, DE. Sanjun Gu. Benefits of growing in a High Tunnel. 2017 DE Ag Week. Harrington, DE. Steve Bogash. Growing the Best Tomatoes, Peppers and Cucumbers ever. 2016 High Tunnel Workshop, Smyrna, DE Gordon Johnson. Increasing the Availability of Delaware?s Specialty Crops through High Tunnels.
5. Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Six Tomato Grafting Training Sessions. Five of these, 2-4 hours long- training sessions took place every month of March 2013 to 2017 at Delaware State University Greenhouses. An additional grafting workshop took place during the 2013 Mid Atlantic Crop Management School Workshop in Ocean City Total attendance was 60.
6. Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Field days/walking tours Eight Field-days for High Tunnels and Specialty Crops Production. Field days took place at Delaware State University -Smyrna Outreach and Research Center Farm. Total attendance was 410 total Incorporated within the tours were demonstrations including; John Clendaniel. High Tunnel designs. You make the choice. High Tunnel Workshop, Smyrna, DE Michael Wasylkowski. High Tunnel Construction. High Tunnel Workshop, Smyrna, DE
7. Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Reached out to a crops production class at University of Delaware on ?Production of ethnic crops by small farms? (45 students) Conducted Farm and High Tunnel Tours to Delaware State University crops production class during years, 2016 and 2017 Conducted Farm and High Tunnel Tours to High School youth clientele

PROGRESS: 2015/09/01 TO 2016/08/31
Target Audience:High tunnel growers and small farms specialty crops growers in Delaware were the primary target audience. Mastergardeners were reached out to through workshops. Youth groups were reached out to through organized learning tours and site visits.Vocational agriculture teachers in Delawre toured the demonstration sites. Extension staff prticipatedthrough hands on high tunnel repairs and aspects of construction. Changes/Problems:Changes include the fact that a no-cost extension has been requested for this project. Due to a late start some of the programs delayed. We haveachieved somegoals and the program has been very impressive and helful to our clientelle. The program is extension based, hence schedulingactivites to benefit the targeted clientelle can be a challenge. During the years of the project we have tried to be consistent in programing events and this has been helpful. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project provided a workshop and training opportunity to 25 extension professionals on use of electronicsocial media in extension communication. A network among the attendees has been maintained and a follow up training after 3 years of incoperating social media during extension communication in the works. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?-2 workshops were conducted at Smyrna Outreach and Research Center (October 2015 and May 2016). During each workshop, an average of 45 attendees acquired knowledge of vegetable production in season extension stuctures and in the field. External speakers to the workshops continue to be a great resource and were drawn from University of Maryland Easten shore, West virginia state university, Cornell University and Penn State University cooperative extension. the facility (SORC) is open to the public and registers a good number of visitors to the high tunnels each year. Each high tunnel has a mail box with handouts and write ups on strcture description and operations available for visitors. -A 3 hour workshop was conducted at SORC (April 2016) to kent County Master Gardeners (12 attended)on high tunnel strawberry production. -A one-day conference titled 'Profiting From A few Acres' held in March 2016 at Delaware State University had 55 attendees in the high tunnel and soil management and plant nutrition sessions. -Poster and oral presentations on 'Prospects of Staring Potato Slips in High Tunnels' was presented at the American Society of Horticultural Sciences in August 2016 at Atlanta georgia. -A total of 68 farm visits to Delaware small Farmers in relation to the activities of this projecthave beenconducted between September 2015 and august 2016. -As the PI of the project, I continue to write artilcles on the 'weekly crop update' newsletter by Delaware Co-operative Extension.. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?During the last reporting period, we have planned for; -a wrap up and sharing session on electronic social media in extension communication by extension professionals in November, 2016. - a high tunnel workshop session for growersduring the 'Delawre Ag week-2017' session in january 2017; Speakers are being invited for the event. -a specialty crops production session for growers during 'Profiting from a few Acres' in March 2017. -publications of projects carried out during the project period.

IMPACT: 2015/09/01 TO 2016/08/31
What was accomplished under these goals? Demonstration plots at Smyrna Outreach and Research Center continued forming a base for high tunnel workshops and applied research. We have maintained a list srve of growers and interested participants of our programs, some of whom attend educational programs offered by this project.Most of the extension professionals now use social media as a way of engaging and informing clientelle. The 10 acre plot at SORC is on its final year of organic transitioning.

PUBLICATIONS: 2015/09/01 TO 2016/08/31
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Prospects of Starting Potato Slips in High Tunnels by Small Farms https//ashs.confex.com/ashs/2016/2016/webprogram/Paper25156html

PROGRESS: 2014/09/01 TO 2015/08/31
Target Audience:Target audience included; -Small-scale vegetable and fruit growers -Backyard gardeners, Urban gardeners -High-Tunnel growers -Organic and potential organic growers -Interested youth groupsduring related science fair fora -Master Gardeners Changes/Problems:A major change was in relation to extending the project periodby one year. This was a result in a delay of commencing the project in time due to technicalities and time that was needed to have important resources on site at the beginning of the project. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?-As a follow up on an earler workshop conducted for extension personnel on 'Use of Electronic Media in Extension', surveys have been sent ot to participants who have indicated an increase of use of social media in delivering subject matter and contents of their extension programs and activities. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated through workshops, conferences and newsletter publications. Farm visits have been very important for one on one information exchange to address specific grower concerns. -A total of 5 presentations directly related trials and demonstrations at Smyrna Outreach Center have been delivered to 4 differentgroup meetings to a total of 255 attendees. -From April 2015 to October 2015, there has been an average ofsix farm visits per month directly related to hightunnel production. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?-We have plans for; -An early spring high tunnel workshop -Continued demonstration of fall 2015,winter 2015,spring 2016 and early summer 2016 crop production in high tunnels -A followup conference relating to the effectiveness of use of social media and 'clicker technology' in extension activities. -Publication of 3 year-trial results on high tunnel production of tomatoes, strawberries, potato slips and collard greens.

IMPACT: 2014/09/01 TO 2015/08/31
What was accomplished under these goals? The DSU outreach facility at Smyrna (SORC)has been greatly enhanced as a more potent for high tunnel crop management and production demonstrations and trials. The traffic into the facility has increased with numbers of counted visitors to high tunnels increasing by 10% from the previous year. Workshops and conferences have beendelivered by Delaware Co-operative Extension in relation to the project and attendance was great. The project enabled speakers from other states to share their experiences and give valuable presentations during the educational programs; -Tomato Grafting Demonstration during the Mid-Atlantic Crop management School wherein 21 growers were trained. -'Profiting From a Few Acres' conference in March 2015 at DSU with 80 attendees. -A high Tunnel workshop in May 2015 at SORC with 45 in attendance.

PUBLICATIONS: 2014/09/01 TO 2015/08/31
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: -You and Your High Tunnel!http://extension.udel.edu/weeklycropupdate/?p=7776 -My Tomatoes are not Ripening to My Satisfaction-http://extension.udel.edu/weeklycropupdate/?p=8207

PROGRESS: 2013/09/01 TO 2014/08/31
Target Audience: Youth and Adults. Adults consisted of liimited resource farmers and high tunnel growers. Youth consisted of 4H and FFA members actively involved in Agriculture through participation in various programs and in the state fair. Changes/Problems: Due to the nature of season extensions during and the need to demonstrate use of such tools to enhance horticulture production, our season for crop production are longer than the normal production period, as a result, we might need to as for a no cost-extension period to help cover for labor and workshops that will go beyond September of 2015. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? A professional development for extension professionals on electronic and social media was carried out in 2013. As a follow up, survey showed that 17 out of the 25 attendees recorded increased use of electronic and social media in their program activities; 12 are interacting with clientelle through face book pages and blogs, 6 of the attendees are actively involved with use of twitter with their clientelle; anf 8 had incooperated the use of clickers in their programs. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? The Weekly Crops Update newletter serves as a main conduit of timely information to mostly Delaware and Maryland growers. This is published online frm March to October. The DSU website does a good job of relaying information to our small farms clientele. Through regional and professional conferences (2013, Association of Researc Directors 17th Biennual Research Symposium and 2014 American Society of Horticultural Sciences ( Orlando Florida, 28, July 2014)) , findings have been disseminated to communites of interest. Oral and poster presentations on 'High Tunnel Early Spring Production of Five Varieties of Tomato Using Three Trellising Systems' have been given. In addition, to disseminate results, the following major educational programs were offered;- 'High Tunnel End of Season' workshop-December 4th 2013- (16 participants) 'Profiting From a Few Acres' Conference (PFAC) - Horticulture and High Tunnels Sessions December 17, 2013- (90 participants) 'General Considerations for High Tunnel Vegetable and Small Fruit Production' workshop-Ag week workshop-January 15, 2014-110 participants 'Ensuring Organic Integrity While Transitioning into Organic Production'-March 28th 2014- 30 participants 'High Tunnel Workshop and Field-day'- May 29th, 2014 - 55 participants What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? - More workshops and follow up surveys during workshops -A major follow up professional training for the extension professionals as a forum to learn from one another and share more updates on how we can best use electronic and social media in extension. -Continue developing extension networks and partnering with community initiatives to enhance horticultural activities in the state of Delaware. -Give presentations during the North East American Society of Horticultural Sciences (NEASHS) and American Society of horticultural Sciences ASHS meetings.

IMPACT: 2013/09/01 TO 2014/08/31
What was accomplished under these goals? - The effectiveness of Smyrna Outreach Research Centre (SORC) was enhanced as demonstrations in the established high tunnels and transitioning 10 acres into organic activities ensued. -Following the professional development workshop for extension professionals, carried out in 2013, 17 out of the 25 attendees recorded increased use of electronic and social media in their program activities. -The list serve of DE farmers interested in high tunnels grew from 45 to 60 growers. -Number of growers applying for High Tunnels construction assistance though NRCS increased -Number of workshop attendees increased from an average of 40 to an average of 55 -Increased interactions between growers and extension personnel was noted. -Increased use of soil management programs and best management practices in high tunnels was reported as surveys showed that 75% of the growers attending the workshops practiced what they learnt from the workshop. Workshop attendees responding to surveys during workshops indicated that; -75 percent of growers in attendance increased their knowledge on use of soil management programs and best management practices in high tunnels and were willing to put into practice some of them. -30% of the growers indicated their intention to reduce pesticide usage by practicing IPM principles. General satisfaction of workshop attendees has been observed. One grower quipped, "I appreciate the workshops and the tours, this year I used my high tunnel to capacity and got record Tomato yields"

PUBLICATIONS: 2013/09/01 TO 2014/08/31
1. Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: ?Tomato grafting gaining Popularity?-Issue1, vol.22 (3/7/2014) - UD Weekly Crop Update Extension Newsletter. http://extension.udel.edu/weeklycropupdate/?p=6494
2. Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: ?Beware of High Tunnel (HT) Salt Build Up!?-Issue 8, vol. 22 (5/16/2014) - UD Weekly Crop Update Extension Newsletter. http://extension.udel.edu/weeklycropupdate/?p=6882
3. Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: ?High Tunnel Planting Schedule-working out a schedule for successive plantings? Issue 3, vol. 22 (4/11/2014) - UD Weekly Crop Update Extension Newsletter. http://extension.udel.edu/weeklycropupdate/?p=6620
4. Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: ?Fall High Tunnel Management?-Issue 27, vol. 22 (8/26/2014)-UD Weekly Crop Update Extension Newsletter. http://extension.udel.edu/weeklycropupdate/?cat=433

PROGRESS: 2012/09/01 TO 2013/08/31
Target Audience: Small Farms, Growers with Hightunnels as a niche and Extension professionals Changes/Problems: No major changes needed. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? - 25 extension professionals were trained on the use of social media in extension -A resource for high tunnel growers through very good workshops, farm visits and publications How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? - 3 fact sheets -High tunnel information and types have been embedded in our extension website - A list serve of attendees has been developed and e-mails and important information passed on. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? During the next period, we plan to organize for and deliver give three(3)workshops at Smyrna Farm. We plan to give guidance to growers interested in organic transitioning as we participapate in transtioning the 10 acres at Smyrna Farm. More farm visits to the participants of the high tunnel workshops have been planned. Data on tomato and sweetpotato slip production will be presented during the upcoming American Society of Horticultural Sciences (ASHS)

IMPACT: 2012/09/01 TO 2013/08/31
What was accomplished under these goals? - 2 workshops and a conference on High Tunnels vegetable production were very well attended * 45 growers attended a season extension workshop and tour on April 20, 2013, * 20 growers attended a end of season High Tunnel workshop on November, 4, 2013 while 75 growers from Delaware and Maryland attended a Profiting From a Few Acres Conference on December, 17, 2013. -Additional three high tunnels at Smyrna Outreach and Resaerch Centre strenthened the facility -a 10 acre plot at Smyrna has been designated and is being transitioned into organic production

PUBLICATIONS: 2012/09/01 TO 2013/08/31
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: What Plan do you have in place for your high tunnel? Co-operative Extension Weekly Crop Update- April, 26, 2013- http://extension.udel.edu/weeklycropupdate/?p=5412-?Water management plan for your high tunnel?- Issue 6 (5/3/2013) - UD Weekly Crop Update Extension Newsletter. http://extension.udel.edu/weeklycropupdate/?p=5459 Water Management for your High Tunnel- Cooperative Extension- Weekly Crop Update-May, 3,2013 http://extension.udel.edu/weeklycropupdate/?p=5459