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INVESTIGATOR: Tsolova, V.

PERFORMING INSTITUTION:
FLORIDA A&M UNIVERSITY
TALLAHASSEE, FLORIDA 32307

BUILDING WINE ANALYTICAL CAPACITY FOR SOUTHERN GRAPES AT FAMU TO TRAIN TECHNOLOGICAL READY PROFESSIONALS AND ENHANCE GROWERS PROFIT.

NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY: Our project is intended to conduct interdisciplinary studies and experimentation in enology of American native southern grapes and advance the body of knowledge in healthy qualities of southern wines which to be assembled into "Digital Reference Database for Southern Wines"(Program Need Areas: a) and b) ; to build human capacity and diverse workforce by improving research training and education in agricultural and food sciences of minority students; to strengthen the institutional capacity by establishing "Wine Analytical Lab" serving as an expert service facility for the industry clientele for improving growers profit (Program Priority Areas: f) and g).Florida wine and grape industry has been one of the nation's great agricultural success stories capable to generate economic impact close to 1 billion ("TheEconomic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industries in Florida", 2010 Report of the Stonebridge Research Group LLC). Ever increasing demand for grape products offers a significant economic opportunity for small farmers, especially in the South.In spite of the recent rapid expansion the industry faces major challenges and lack of knowledge and wine analytical capacity that need to be addressed to sustain growth and development.Our strategic location in the Southeastern region coupled with our success record in working with the American native grapes and being part of the National Clean Plant Network (NCPN) for Grape mandate us to develop strong enology research and training program with functional "Wine Analytical Service Lab " for American Native Grapes to address the growers needs and train technological ready professionals.

OBJECTIVES: The main objective of our proposal isto build up a wine technological/analytical capacity for southern grapes at FAMU's Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research with purpose to generate new knowledge for Florida grapes and wines and to fulfill the basic analytical needs for medium and small-sizedon farm wineries, hobbyists, and beginners winemakers in the state and serve as a technological training platform for young professionals, industry clientele and extension personnel. The specific objectives contributing to the success of the proposal are:1/ To conduct an enological analysis and asses the healthy qualities of the finished and bottled various styles (still, sparkling. low alcoholic and desert) 'Noble' and 'Carlos' varietal and blends of muscadine wines from participating wineries in Florida.2/ To isolate two different phenolics fractions (tannin-free and 1-kDa permeate) from muscadine wines and investigate the extent to which their presence affectthe overall antioxidant capacity of the wines.3/ To assemble the data from all of the accessions/wine entry we have studied into a relational database and construct a standard template for data entry in the form ofa"Digital Reference Database for Southern Wines"(for product interface please see Appendix 3).4/ To establish a"Wine Analytical Lab"as an expert service capacity for the industry and student training platform in STEM Bioscience.5/ To provide research curricula and training for one (1) graduate student at the master level andtwo (2)undergraduate student researchers andoffer a"Viticulture and Enology Certificate Program".?

APPROACH: We will determine the range, distribution, and average values for: 1/ basic vinification parameters (pH, TA, free & total SO2, VA, malic acid, alcohol, residual sugar; and 2/ healthy qualities/profiles of total phenolics, anthocyanins, and anthioxidant capacity of Carlos and Noble varietal and blends of finished muscadine wines. We plan to analyze at minimum of 100 commercial Florida/southern wines with a BATF-approved label. We will choose several locations to be targeted in the study and solicit samples from wineries that produce Carlos and Noble muscadine wines. Upon receipt of the wines, we will record the winery name, the variety, the vintage, the location, and any other information provided on the label (e.g., pH, TA, EtOH). Each wine will be given a unique sample log/identification number. An aliquot of the wine will be taken for analysis in duplicate to determine total phenolics, anthocyanins, large polymeric pigment, and small polymeric pigment and another for basic vinification parameters. These data will be assembled in a "Digital Reference Database for Southern Wines", which will be able to provide a snapshot and reference for the profile/ qualities of muscadine wines from selected regions/wineries in specific vintage/year. The final outcome/product will be extremely valuable for producers and consumers.Phenolic compounds in the wine samples will be analyzed by using three colorimetric methods. Total phenolics will be determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and the protocol reported by Tsakona et al. (2012) Antioxidant activity will be evaluated by using DPPH scavenging, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). For better comparison of the results all data will be expressed as mM Trolox equivalents (TE) per ml wine by using calibration curves (absorption vs. concentration) made with Trolox in concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mM. All the wine preparations will be carried out in duplicates and the mean ± standard deviation will be calculated using the two corresponding variable values obtained with each of the conducted preparation. The significant differences between different samples will be detected at P≤ 0.05 for all the comparison.

PROGRESS: 2017/05 TO 2020/04
Target Audience:Grape growers and wine producers in the southestern U.S., research scientist in viticulture and enology, young professionalsin agriculture sciences and agribusines. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Graduate student trainee and title of thesis: Patricia Akingboye- "Impact of the genotype on nutraceutical metabolic profile and vinification qualities of muscadine wines"; Olaoluwa Oluwatoyin - " Anthoxidant Activity and Healthy Qualities of Muscadine Grapes". Undergraduate students trainees: Claudia Laukin- Summer Intern from NY Rensselaer Polytechnic Insitute Michelle Mercado- Summer Intern from University of Puerto Rico Oluwaseyi Salau-FAMU,CAFS, Biological System Engineering Program, Abigail Symon-FAMU, CAFS, Food Science Program, Jerman Gonsales- FSU, Biochemistry Program, Papa Guye- FAMU/CAFS, Agronomy Program. Winemaking Workshop, 2019 Grape Harvest Festival, Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, August 26th, 2019. Site Visits and Growers'consulations: Muscadine Training & Pruning at Fairview Middle School- February 15th, 2019 F. Humphries 2020: Acidity in Wine, Workshop at the FWGGA Annual Conference, January 18th, 2020, Deland, FL. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research and extension publications, growers presentations and workshops, digiatal database. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

IMPACT: 2017/05 TO 2020/04
What was accomplished under these goals? Comercial cultivars and new experimental varieties are currently being evaluated for market viability at the Center for Viticulture. There is little research completed on the winemaking aspect of viticulture in Florida, and winemakers here rely on the techniques used for traditional grape processing and not methods intended specifically for southern grapes. These grapes contain significant genetic and biochemical diversity compared to traditional 'vinifera' grapes which means there are potential differences in optimal vinification methods. Proper research in this area can be a huge practical tool for southern winemakers which could further enhance the quality of Florida wine. The microbiological stability of a wine is of a greatconcern for small and large wineries. Ultraviolet (UV) application to wine is a potential solution to extending the shelf life of muscadine and other southern wines. It has been demonstrated as a safe method to sanitize and stabilize wines made from 'vinifera' grapes and other food products. Research in this field would introduce Florida's wine industry to a new approach to extending shelf life and stability in their wines. The Southern Wine Database continues to grow in number of accessions by analyzing wines made at the Center and also wines submitted from industry members and research collaborators. For example, the wine entry with the low SO2 levels may have a diminished shelf life. Using such data as a refernece, the winemaker can adjust these values, which will increase shelf life and quality odf the wines. • For the reporting period the Southern Wines Database has been established and grown to 140 entryes. • For the 2018 and 2019 Vintage, total of 18 unique varietal wines were crafted using grapes harvested from the Center's research vineyard. After blending, the analysis of these wines will contribute another 24 additional accessions into the database. • This number swill continue to grow, especially since the Center's formaly announced at the 2019 Florida Wine and Grape Growers Association (FWGGA) annual conference that we will be accepting comercial wines made from southern grape varieties (muscadines and bunch) for the evaluation of vinification properties and healthy compounds. 1. Announced at the 2019 FWGGA annual conference that the Analytical Wine Lab is accepting wine samples for analysis. This resulted in six eligible wine samples collected from industry partners which have been analyzed. Analysis complete and input in database;2. Compleated analyses of wines made at the Center (vintage 2018 and 2019); 3. New experimental varieties of grapes into wine (Onyx, A30, A27, C11, Floriana). Analysis will be done and put into Database once winemaking is complete; 4. Wine Analytical Lab is increasing analytical capacity; new analysis kits (NOPA, NH3, and COPPER). Also new standards have been ordered for new procedures including HPLC analysis;5. Completion of FAMU chemical safety training and lab safety; 6. Total of 6undergraduate student trainee has compleated research experiential learning projects. 7. Graduate student researcher, Patricia Akingboye has graduated and defended the M.S. research thesis on vinification qualities and health propreties of muscadine wines (Summer 2019). 8. Completed archtectural and feasibility study for renovation and upgrade of the wine procesing area at the FAMU/Center for Viticulture.

PUBLICATIONS (not previously reported): 2017/05 TO 2020/04
1. Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Patricia Akingboye, M.S. Thesis, 2019: Genotypic Variation in Vinification Qualities and the Antioxidant Properties of Muscadine Wines in Florida.
2. Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Salau Oluwaseyi, Frank Humphries and Violeta Tsolova, 2020:Digital Reference Database for Southern Wines, Annual Conference of FWGGA, DeLand, FL, January 17, 2020.
3. Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: F. Humphries, M. Voltarelli, and V. Tsolova, 2019: Withering of Southern Grapes for Premium Dessert Style Wines, FWGGA Annual Newsletter, July 2nd, 2019.

PROGRESS: 2017/05/01 TO 2018/04/30
Target Audience:Grape growers and wine producers in the southestern U.S., research scientist in viticulture and enology, young professionalsin agriculture sciences and agribusines. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?1/ Established "Wine Analytical Lab"as an expert service capacity for the industry and student training platform in STEM Bioscience. 2/Provided research curricula and training for one (1) graduate student at the master level and two(2)undergraduate student researchers. 3/ Developed curricula for 6 weeks adult education course "Introduction to Enology" and trained 35 participants in the pilot edition (Spring 2018).? How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?1. Adullt Education Course "Introduction to Enology" 6 weeks training with 35 participants (2018 Spring Semester) 2. The interface of the newly developed "Digital Reference Database for Southern Wines" was presented at the 2018 Annual Conference of the Florida Wine Growers Association (FWGGA), January 16-17, Apopka, FL. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Facilitate and execute the research plan of the project on a timely manner.

IMPACT: 2017/05/01 TO 2018/04/30
What was accomplished under these goals? 1. For the 2017 vintage, 15 wines have been created using 11 different cultivars.9 of these cultivars (Blanc Du Bois, Stover, Conquistador, Black Spanish, Cynthiana, Noble, Carlos and Floriana) are already commercially available to the public. Vinification profiles and antioxidant qualitiesof these varietal wines and input into the database will empower the industry and smaller wineries with reliable data to compare with the wines that they are producing.The remaining 3 varietals(C30-5, C30-7 and O-47), are experimental hybrids that are being evaluated before being made commercially available to the industry. The wines created from these experimental varieties will help determine if the cultivar is ready for commercial production.The determination is based off of several characteristics which include, yield, phenolics content, juice content, vigor, adaptability to various diseases and of course, juice and wine quality. 2. Assembled data from all of the developed/analysedaccessions/wine entry and input into a relational database. 3. Developed/adapated wine analytical protocols and constructed a standard template for data entry in the form of"Digital Reference Database for Southern Wines".

PUBLICATIONS: 2017/05/01 TO 2018/04/30
Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Ananga,A., Obuya, J., Ochieng. J., and Tsolova, V., (2017) Grape Seed Nutraceuticals for Disease Prevention: Current Status and Future Prospects, in Chemistry, "Phenolic Compounds - Biological Activity", book edited by Marcos Soto-Hernandez, Mariana Palma- Tenango and Maria del Rosario Garcia-Mateos, ISBN 978-953-51-2960-8, Print ISBN 978- 953-51-2959-2