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INVESTIGATOR: Fouladkhah, A. C.

PERFORMING INSTITUTION:
TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY
3500 JOHN A. MERRITT BLVD
NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE 37209

ASSISTING PRODUCERS AND PROCESSORS MEETING THE WATER AND FOOD SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN THE CURRENT REGULATORY CLIMATE

NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY: Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) is the most comprehensive legislation in the U.S. food and agricultural productions in more than 70 years. The food safety law aims to ensure safety of domestic and imported foods by shifting focus of federal regulatory agencies from response to outbreaks and recalls to preventive measures. While larger entrepreneurs could navigate their way in new regulatory climate by expanding their personnel or hiring third-party service, small, and emerging entrepreneurs and those with socially disadvantaged leadership are particularly vulnerable in the current regulatory landscape. If failing to meet the requirements of FSMA, the later cohort of producers would need to remain low in profit in order to stay within the FSMA exemption "box." In addition to main legislative expectations of Produce and Preventive Control rules of FSMA, the requirement for water testing is of particular concern for stakeholders since producers of raw agricultural commodities would need to meet frequent testing and microbial quality expectations. The current proposal is a collaborative endeavor for (1) Development of a cadre of extension agents/faculty trained for FSMA outreach (2) Conduct of FSMA needs assessment of producers and processors. (3) Development of FSMA outreach material for extension agents emerging entrepreneurs (4) Development and validation of water testing and water sampling, storage, and analyses best practices, and 5) Continuation of annual state-wide small Tennessean growers' and students' FSMA/Food Safety scholarship programs. With expanding county infrastructure and active leadership in regional and national FSMA consortia, TSU is uniquely positioned to host this project.

OBJECTIVES: Current proposal is a Collaborative Extension project to build institutional and regional capacity, foster collaboration among the proposing institutions, and enhanced stakeholders' engagement by (1) Development of a cadre of extension agents/faculty trained for FSMA outreach (2) Conduct of FSMA needs assessment of producers and processors. (3) Development of FSMA outreach material for extension agents emerging entrepreneurs (4) Development and validation of water testing and water sampling, storage, and analyses best practices, and 5) Continuation of annual state-wide small Tennessean growers' and students' FSMA/Food Safety scholarship programs.?

APPROACH: Objective 1. Development of a cadre of extension agents/faculty trained for FSMA outreach. During the three years of the project, Tennessee State and Iowa State Faculty member will obtain the FSPCA and/or PSA train-the-trainer certifications that enable both institutions to conduct such workshops in-house. Content of these certification workshops are developed for Extension educators, thus certified instructors then bear the responsibility of curricula and outreach material development suitable for their institutions, and producers and processors in their geographical region. The certification workshops of Produce and Preventive Control Rules for Extension agents, conducted by the lead instructors, are expected to be 1 to 3 days in length for discussing core competencies of each rule, to meet and exceed the requirements of FSPCA and PSA certification programs.Objective 2. Conduct of FSMA needs assessment of producers and processors. A comprehensive list of core competencies of Produce and Preventive Control rules will be developed as the main sections of the needs assessment instrument. Information pieces such as surface and sub-surface water testing, conduct of hazard analysis, validation of existing process controls, biological soil amendment, wildlife control management, health and hygiene training, equipment and facilities sanitary design validation, recordkeeping and documentations, and development of process control measures, and corrective actions will be then organized as domains with relevant sub-domains and will be validated as an instrument for Delphi approach needs assessment. The key personnel of the project from Tennessee and Iowa will provide input for development and validation of the instrument. To conduct a systematic needs assessment and identify and refine areas of concern for producers and processors, domains and sub-domains will then be ranked by three panels of practitioners. Results of the above-mentioned ranking as well as a survey with open-ended questions, will be used as the basis for development of dissemination material and add-on programs and activities for Produce and Preventive Control certification workshops in TSU. These assessment rounds will be conducted with at least 15 participants in each panel to assure an adequately powered experiment and will be completed after obtaining Institutional Review Board approval of Tennessee State and Iowa Universities. Review and validation of instrument will be conducted by internal and external evaluators of the project (Drs. John Ricketts and Kushal Patel).Objective 3. Development of FSMA outreach material for extension agents emerging entrepreneurs. After assimilation of the qualitative and quantitative needs assessment data, and input from the project collaborators, the project proposed development of a Tool Kit for Tennessee and Iowa Extension agents. The Tool Kit dossier will include an approximately 20-minute power point slide deck as a general introduction to FSMA, 50-minute slide deck for elaboration of main competencies of Produce and Preventive Control Rules, infographical factsheet for discussion of exemption and non-exemption of Produce and Preventive Control Rules, and information on dual-jurisdiction facilities, as well as information on water sampling, transportations, and analyses best practices and TSU site(s) capable of conducting the testing for the stakeholders. The Tool Kit is expected to be disseminated to county agents with one months and 6 months follow up surveys to receive agents and stakeholders input on the content of the Kit.Objective 4. Development and validation of water testing and water sampling, storage, and analyses best practices. In post FSMA-era producers of raw agricultural commodities are required to conduct frequent surface and sub-surface microbial water testing and meet the regulatory microbiological criteria. The method elaborated in the Code of Federal Regulation for the rule is "Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Water by Membrane Filtration using modified membrane-Thermotolerant Escherichia coli agar (Modified mTEC)," in short also known as EPA Method 1603. The producers of raw agricultural commodities would need to meet two sets of criteria, to show no detectable genericE. colifor certain uses of agricultural water (water used on contact surfaces, making ice, used during and after harvest). Also, agricultural water applied directly to growing produce (other than sprout) would need to meet a different set of regulatory criteria based on geometric mean (GM) and the statistical threshold (STV) (FDA, 2015a).The GM and STV are derived from microbiological testing of each farm as indicators of"average amount of genericE. coliin a water source," and "amount of variability in water quality," respectively.TSU cooperative Extension is projected to develop the above-mentioned method, tools for assisting stakeholders interpreting their results as well as best practices for collection of sample, transportation, analyses, and interpretation of the data. The above-referenced testing is particularly a costly method due to needs for some initial infrastructures as well as high cost of selective media (Modified mTEC), as such the project also intends to develop and validate a low-cost alternative to method 1603, based on MPN and/or relative light Unit (RLU). These endeavors are expected to be completed in Public Health Microbiology Laboratory of TSU, where similar methods had been utilized and applied for detection and enumeration of bacteria in biotic and abiotic environment.Objective 5. Continuation of annual state-wide small Tennessean growers' and students' FSMA/Food Safety scholarship programs. Under this objective the project proposes to continue the established Tennessean Growers' Scholarship program to assist low-income and emerging entrepreneurs of raw agricultural commodities receive Food Safety Modernization Act training. The Scholarship program is stablished in 2017 by TSU Public Health Microbiology Laboratory (A. Fouladkhah), and had provided support for training of 9 low-income farmers for receiving training from Produce Safety Alliance. Further information about the program is available at: http://midtngrowers.com/produce-safety-alliance-grower-training/. Securing the current project will assure continuation of the program in years 2018 to 2020. It is also intended to continue the established Food Safety Modernization Act/ Food Safety Students' Competition program, a state-wide platform for sharing new research and outreach programs of Food Safety Modernization Act/ Food Safety pertaining to raw agricultural commodities and food manufacturing. The competition is stablished in 2017 by TSU Public Health Microbiology Laboratory (A. Fouladkhah). In first year, 34 participants, 11 finalists, and three awardees were among the participants of the program with inauguration by past president of Institute of Food Technologist (IFT), and President of Volunteer (Tennessee) section of IFT. Further information about the program is available at: https://www.eventbrite.com/e/ift-vol-section-2017-spring-meeting-tickets-334769 67511. Securing the current project will also assure continuation of this component in years 2018 to 2020. Both events will be harmonized by selecting a chair, co-chair, and coordinator from the project directors to assure early and state-wide advertisement and fair and transparent environment for students and stakeholders.

PROGRESS: 2019/04 TO 2020/03
Target Audience:With mechanisms such as biofilm formation, quorum sensing, and ability to move towards diversity and "fitness" through vertical and horizontal gene transfer mechanism, continued emergence of organisms with new characteristics in response to evolving agricultural and manufacturing environments is an unavoidable episode. As such, assuring safety of the public against natural and anthropogenic microbial pathogens from food and agricultural commodities is a daunting task and a moving target. Evolving social changes, such as expansion in global travel and commerce, consumers' demand for minimally processed and ready-to-eat products, and increases in at-risk segments of populations are further breeding grounds for emerging, novel, and reemerging infectious diseases associated with food and agricultural commodities. Food manufacturing and agricultural commodities' market is highly volatile- producers' and manufacturers' profit could be adversely affected to great extent when food safety outbreak occurs anywhere in the country. In addition to loss of productivity, medical expenses, and consumers' insecurity, it is estimated that annual cost of foodborne diseases in the United States is around $77.7 billion. In case of negligence from a producer or processor, where the legal and medical expenses could burden back to the entrepreneur, costs per cases of illness episode could well exceed $100,000 per case. Agriculture is one of the top industries in Tennessee, contributing $70 billion annually to the state's economy, employing 340,000 individuals, with having 66,000 farms representing 10.8 million acres. TSU had been working very closely with FSMA stakeholders, in addition to progress discussed, our recent assessment surveys show further needs of outreach and technical assistance in Tennessee area. As an example in a preliminary survey of 16 farmers (median farm size of 1.5 acre, mean 3.6, and SD 3.1), TSU specialists observed about 75% of Tennessean growers do not currently conduct water testing and over 53% of the farmers do not keep any record of the operation on file (Preliminary surveys, unpublished data). As such, in harmony with national and regional needs in food safety regulatory outreach and technical assistance, this project utilizes a systematic and evidence-based approach for a community outreach project addressing the needs of the stakeholders. Students are additionally stakeholders of this important and timely project. Changes/Problems:The current pandemic of the respiratory disease in the country is a challenge for all researchers across the country. We had been able to adopt to these challenging times and circumstances and make progress on the project with minimal disruption. We expect to be able to complete this work without any disruption. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?(Funded in part by current grant) (Funded in part by current grant) Oct. 2-31, 2019. Preventive Control Qualified Individual (PC QI) Training/Certification for 3 PhD students, 9 MS students, and one member of TN Department of Agriculture, extramurally funded by Public Health Microbiology Laboratory (Project PI/Lead and Sole Instructor: A. Fouladkhah).2019 Impact (workshop #2 in 2019).June 3-7, 2019.Preventive Control Qualified Individual (PC QI) Training/Certification for 12 food industry leaders in Antigua, Guatemala, extramurally funded by Public Health Microbiology Laboratory (Project PI/Lead and Sole Instructor: A. Fouladkhah). [Workshop to Celebrate 1stword food safety day on June, 7, 2019]. Available:.2020 Yale Day of Service. 1stGenYale DC and the Yale Club of Washington, D.C.May 12, 2020.Virtual event due to COVID-19 pandemic: Side-by-Side: Mentoring Future First Generation CollegeStudents. 2019 Yale Day of Service, Yale Club of Middle Tennessee.July 13, 2019.Nashville Classical Charter School. ).Completed and passed a 7-week course from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, a course of study offered by HarvardX, an online learning initiative of Harvard University (Certification ID: 0a25d28b1c664873bd47232e3e323261).May 7, 2020.Available at: https://courses.edx.org/certificates/0a25d28b1c664873bd47232e3e323261 [Accessed May 7, 2020] . June 17-19. 2019.Analyses of infectious diseases "big data," New Haven, CT. .March 14-16, 2019 How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The needs assessment and factsheets and publications of the study had been available to stakeholder and public via the program website available at: https://publichealthmicrobiology.education/ Additionally, the project outcome had been disseminated and discussed in these events: -2019 Annual Meeting of International Association for Food Protection, Louisville, KY, July 21-24,19. -2019 Annual Meeting of Institute of Food Technologists, New Orleans, LA, June 2-5, 2019. -129th annual meeting, Columbia State Community College. Columbia, TN. Nov 22, 2019 -2019 Annual State-wide Competition for Food Safety Modernization Act, Food Safety, and Food Science Students. Tennessee (Volunteer) section Institute of Food Technologists. -2019 Yale School of Public Health Summer Institute. Success of students involved in project had been disseminated as well on our website: https://publichealthmicrobiology.education/ [Accessed 5-26-2020]. Most specifically this presentation was made for dissemination of the project progress: Fouladkhah, A. 2019. Updates on a Planning Activity Project for Development and Implementation of an Intercollegiate MPH Degree Tracked in Food Safety and Foodborne Diseases Epidemiology. 2019 Annual Meeting of International Association for Food Protection, Louisville, KY, July 21-24, 2019. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In addition to the progress that is going to be continues as elaborated in the proposal, the FSMA training material had been incorporated as part of a graduate course in our institution and is expected to be continued during the course of the project. Evaluation of the course by student surpassed the average of the college and university and thus course was incorporated as part of the core sections in curriculum. Student success in our public health microbiology program has also been exceptional and unparalleled, the students award tab of our new website illustrates their recent success. Including the first, second, and third place awardees in 2019 Tennessee Academy of Sciences awards in health and medical sciences division. The information could be accessed at and is expected to be continued during the course of the project: https://publichealthmicrobiology.education/students-awards [Accessed 6-25-2020] Progress in area of public health and food safety in our institution has received recognition at national and international venues. Most recently, we had been involved in training of the Faculty and staff in ISA University in Dominican Republic through a workshop series for food safety and control of zoonotic diseases, celebrating the First World Food Safety Day proclaimed by the United Nation on June 7, 2019 by teaching food industry leadership of Guatemala, and teaching public health and infectious diseases in Cape town, South Africa. Summary of these endeavors are available at: https://publichealthmicrobiology.education/international-programs [Accessed 6-25-2020] Our program had also stablished a state-wide student competition and stakeholder engagement meeting, a state-wide platform for sharing recent research and outreach programs of public health microbiology, microbial food safety, and control of zoonotic diseases. The competition is stablished in 2017 and have so far (2017 to 2019) awarded 19 scholarships to graduate and undergraduate competitors in Tennessee. Further information about the program is available under outreach and then annual competition tab of the above-mentioned website. These endeavors and the project objectives are expected to be continued in this funding cycle.

IMPACT: 2019/04 TO 2020/03
What was accomplished under these goals? Project had been successful in meeting the objectives. The project had held the statewide meeting of the project for Food Safety Modernization Act that is available at: https://publichealthmicrobiology.education/annual-competitions. These had been very successfully scheduled and executed and had supported financially 9 students (KK, JVR, SSH, PW, JA, MH, TK, AA, SH) who presented their work, judged by four judges (AF, SS, NK, MM). Additional students had also received the opportunity to present and apply and interact with FSMA stakeholders. Water testing capability of the institution has been improved to great extent as well. Summary of some of the endeavors associate with water testing capability developed during the course of the project is available at: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/3/408 FSMA certifications workshops had been held as well that had led to certification of 13 individuals in 2019 cycle. Students had received some recent awards as well, these are the studnts that were in part funded by this project: -1st Place, Oral Competitions, Health and Medical Sciences section. 2019 Tennessee Academy of Sciences. The 129th annual meeting, Columbia State Community College. Columbia, TN. Student: A. A. Nov 22, 2019. -2nd Place, Oral Competitions, Health and Medical Sciences section. 2019 Tennessee Academy of Sciences. The 129th annual meeting, Columbia State Community College. Columbia, TN. Student: S. A. Nov 22, 2019. -3rd Place, Oral Competitions, Health and Medical Sciences section. 2019 Tennessee Academy of Sciences. The 129th annual meeting, Columbia State Community College. Columbia, TN. Student: M. H. Nov 22, 2019. -1st Place (tied), Poster Competitions, Health and Medical Sciences section. 2019 Tennessee Academy of Sciences. The 129th annual meeting, Columbia State Community College. Columbia, TN. 2019 Summer Intern (supervisor A. Fouladkhah): A. C. Nov 22, 2019. -2nd Place, Poster Competitions, Health and Medical Sciences section. 2019 Tennessee Academy of Sciences. The 129th annual meeting, Columbia State Community College. Columbia, TN. Student: S. A. Nov 22, 2019. -3rd Place, Poster Competitions, Health and Medical Sciences section. 2019 Tennessee Academy of Sciences. The 129th annual meeting, Columbia State Community College. Columbia, TN. Student: M. H. Nov 22, 2019. -3rd Place, Poster Graduate Competitions, 2019 Annual State-wide Competition for Food Safety Modernization Act, Food Safety, and Food Science Students. Tennessee (Volunteer) section Institute of Food Technologists. Student: J. A. -2nd Place, Oral Graduate Competitions, 2019 Annual State-wide Competition for Food Safety Modernization Act, Food Safety, and Food Science Students. Tennessee (Volunteer) section Institute of Food Technologists. Student: A. A. -1st Place, Oral Graduate Competitions, 2019 Annual State-wide Competition for Food Safety Modernization Act, Food Safety, and Food Science Students. Tennessee (Volunteer) section Institute of Food Technologists. Student: M. H. Three students had also received a graduate degree, thanks to support from this project: Dissertation, Theses, and Report of Degrees (Edited and Chaired by A. Fouladkhah). Allison, A. 2019. Inactivation of Wild-type, Rifampicin-resistant, and Pressure-adopted Foodborne Bacteria of Public Health Concern and Microbial Spores using Elevated Hydrostatic Pressure. Doctoral Dissertation (Degree Chair: A. Fouladkhah). Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN. Fall 2019. Henry-Smith, M. 2019. Control of biofilm and planktonic cells of Cronobacter sakazakii, Listeria monocytogenes, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, and Salmonella serovars using pressure-based and quaternary ammonium compound-based sanitizers. Master of Science Thesis (Degree Chair: A. Fouladkhah). Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN. Fall 2019. Keene, T. 2019. Public Health Burden of Listeria monocytogenes: Secondary Analyses of Recent Epidemiological Studies. Non-thesis Master of Science Graduate Seminar (Degree Chair: A. Fouladkhah). Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN. Fall 2019. -Co-Development of Water Safety Teaching Videos by the help of sub-awardee from Iowa State University are the other deliverables of the project. Video 1: Water Testing. Available at: https://vimeo.com/user20353817/review/345950181/3d1e57190c [Accessed June, 25, 2020]. Video 2: Water Quality and Testing. Available at: https://player.vimeo.com/video/309109532 [Accessed June, 25, 2020].

PUBLICATIONS (not previously reported): 2019/04 TO 2020/03
1. Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Allison, A. 2019. Inactivation of Wild-type, Rifampicin-resistant, and Pressure-adopted Foodborne Bacteria of Public Health Concern and Microbial Spores using Elevated Hydrostatic Pressure. Doctoral Dissertation (Degree Chair: A. Fouladkhah). Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN. Fall 2019.
2. Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Henry-Smith, M. 2019. Control of biofilm and planktonic cells of Cronobacter sakazakii, Listeria monocytogenes, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, and Salmonella serovars using pressure-based and quaternary ammonium compound-based sanitizers. Master of Science Thesis (Degree Chair: A. Fouladkhah). Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN. Fall 2019.
3. Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Keene, T. 2019. Public Health Burden of Listeria monocytogenes: Secondary Analyses of Recent Epidemiological Studies. Non-thesis Master of Science Graduate Seminar (Degree Chair: A. Fouladkhah). Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN. Fall 2019.
4. Type: Websites Status: Other Year Published: 2020 Citation: https://publichealthmicrobiology.education/
5. Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Fouladkhah*, A.; Thompson, B.; Camp, J.S. The Threat of Antibiotic Resistance in Changing Climate. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 748. Impact factor (2018-2019): 4.167
6. Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Kabir, M.N.; Aras, S.; Wadood, S.; Chowdhury, S.; Fouladkhah*, A. Fate and Biofilm Formation of Wild-Type and Pressure-Stressed Pathogens of Public Health Concern in Surface Water and on Abiotic Surfaces. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 408. Impact factor (2018-2019): 4.167
7. Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Aras, S.; Kabir, M.N.; Chowdhury, S.; Fouladkhah*, A. Augmenting the Pressure-Based Pasteurization of Listeria monocytogenes by Synergism with Nisin and Mild Heat. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 563. Impact factor (2018-2019): 2.469
8. Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Fouladkhah*, A.; Thompson, B.; Camp, J.S. Safety of Food and Water Supplies in the Landscape of Changing Climate. Microorganisms 2019, 7, 469. Impact factor (2018-2019): 4.167
9. Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Kumar, A.; Allison, A.; Henry, M.; Scales, A.; Fouladkhah*, A. 2019. Development of Salmonellosis as Affected by Bioactive Food Compounds. Microorganisms 2019, 7, 364. The Featured Paper of Volume 7, Issue 9 (September 2019). Impact factor (2018-2019): 4.167
10. Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Allison, A., Kabir, N., Adhikari, J., Henry, M., Chowdhury, S., Fouladkhah, A. 2019. High-Pressure Pasteurization of Ground Meat for Decontamination of Rifampicin-Resistant Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Six Non-O157 Serogroups. 2019 Annual Meeting of Institute of Food Technologists, New Orleans, LA, June 2-5, 2019.
11. Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Allison, A., Henry, M., Fouladkhah, A. 2019. Needs Assessment Survey of Producers of Raw Agricultural Commodities in Tennessee for Meeting the Requirements of Food Safety Modernization Act. 2019 Annual Meeting of Institute of Food Technologists, New Orleans, LA, June 2-5, 2019.
12. Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Adhikari, J., Kabir, N., Allison, A., Chowdhury, S., Fouladkhah, A. 2019. High-Pressure Pasteurization of Salmonella Serovars and Rifampicin-Resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Apple Cider. 2019 Annual Meeting of Institute of Food Technologists, New Orleans, LA, June 2-5, 2019.
13. Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Henry, M., Allison, A., Adhikari, J., Fouladkhah, A. 2019. Biofilm formation of wild-type and pressure-stressed Listeria monocytogenes at 7 and 25 ºC and their sensitivity to quaternary ammonium compound. 2019 Annual Meeting of Institute of Food Technologists, New Orleans, LA, June 2-5, 2019.
14. Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Allison, A., Kabir, N., Aras, S., Chowdhury, S., Fouladkhah, A. 2019. Sensitivity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, and Bacillus atrophaeus to Elevated Hydrostatic Pressure in Presence of Mild Heat, Nisin and Lysozyme. 2019 Annual Meeting of International Association for Food Protection, Louisville, KY, July 21-24, 2019.
15. Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Allison, A., Henry, M., Fouladkhah, A. 2019. Needs Assessment Survey of Processors of Human Food in Tennessee for Meeting the Requirements of Food Safety Modernization Act. 2019 Annual Meeting of International Association for Food Protection, Louisville, KY, July 21-24, 2019.
16. Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Fouladkhah, A. 2019. Advances in Validation Studies for Pressure-based Pasteurization of Microbial Pathogens, Pressure-adopted Microorganisms, and Bacterial Spores. 2019 Annual Meeting of International Association for Food Protection, Louisville, KY, July 21-24, 2019.
17. Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Henry, M., Allison, A., Fouladkhah, A. 2019. Biofilm formation of O157 and Non-O157 wild-type and pressure-stressed Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli at 7 and 25 ºC and their sensitivity to quaternary ammonium compound-based sanitizer. 2019 Annual Meeting of International Association for Food Protection, Louisville, KY, July 21-24, 2019.
18. Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Kabir, N., Chowdhury, S., Fouladkhah, A. 2019. Effects of Come-Up and Come-Down Times on Efficacy of Pressure-Based Pasteurization of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars. 2019 Annual Meeting of International Association for Food Protection, Louisville, KY, July 21-24, 2019.
19. Type: Book Chapters Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Kabir, N., Aras, S., Chowdhury, S., Fouladkhah, A. 2019. Interactions of Carvacrol, Caprylic Acid, Habituation, and Mild Heat for Pressure-Based Inactivation of O157 and Non-O157 Serogroups of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Low-Acid Environment. 2019 Annual Meeting of International Association for Food Protection, Louisville, KY, July 21-24, 2019.
20. Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Aras, S. Kabir, N., Adhikari, N., Chowdhury, S., Fouladkhah, A. 2019. Synergism of mild heat, nisin, and elevated hydrostatic pressure for inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes. 2019 Annual Meeting of International Association for Food Protection, Louisville, KY, July 21-24, 2019.
21. Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Aras, S., Fouladkhah, A., Pressure-based inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes as augmented by nisin. Health & Medical Sciences Oral Presentations. Tennessee Academy of Sciences. The 129th annual meeting, Columbia State Community College. Columbia, TN. Nov 22, 2019.
22. Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Allison, A., Fouladkhah, A. Decontamination of pressure-stressed sessile bacteria of public health concern and microbial spores. Health & Medical Sciences Oral Presentations. Tennessee Academy of Sciences. The 129th annual meeting, Columbia State Community College. Columbia, TN. Nov 22, 2019.
23. Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Henry-Smith, M., Fouladkhah, A. Use of an emerging technology and evidence-based recommendations for control of pathogenic Cronobacter and Salmonella serovars in infant formula. Health & Medical Sciences Oral Presentations. Tennessee Academy of Sciences. The 129th annual meeting, Columbia State Community College. Columbia, TN. Nov 22, 2019.
24. Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Keene, T., Fouladkhah, A. Public health burden of Listeria monocytogenes: secondary analyses of recent epidemiological studies. Health & Medical Sciences Poster Presentations. Tennessee Academy of Sciences. The 129th annual meeting, Columbia State Community College. Columbia, TN. Nov 22, 2019.
25. Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Chowdhury, A. Fouladkhah, A. Sensitivity of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Salmonella enterica serovars to pressure-based pasteurization. Tennessee Academy of Sciences. The 129th annual meeting, Columbia State Community College. Columbia, TN. Nov 22, 2019.
26. Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: George, J., Fouladkhah, A. Decontamination of Staphylococcus aureus by pressure-based pasteurization. Tennessee Academy of Sciences. The 129th annual meeting, Columbia State Community College. Columbia, TN. Nov 22, 2019.
27. Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Fouladkhah, A. 2019. Updates on a Planning Activity Project for Development and Implementation of an Intercollegiate MPH Degree Tracked in Food Safety and Foodborne Diseases Epidemiology. 2019 Annual Meeting of International Association for Food Protection, Louisville, KY, July 21-24, 2019.
28. Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Adhikari, J., Allison, A., Henry, M., Chowdhury, S., Fouladkhah, A. 2019. Pressure-based pasteurization of wild-type and acid-adopted Escherichia coli O157 and non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars in orange juice. 2019 Annual Meeting of International Association for Food Protection, Louisville, KY, July 21-24, 2019.